Hooded Warbler illustration
Birdsong field guide

Hooded Warbler

Setophaga citrina

The Hooded Warbler is a vibrant yellow songbird of the forest understory, best known for the male's striking black 'hood' and its habit of nervously fanning its white-edged tail.

What it sounds like

A loud, ringing, musical series of whistles often transcribed as 'weeta-weeta-weet-teo'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / 0:17
Rec. Molly Jacobson · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It frequently flashes its white outer rectrices (tail feathers) to startle and flush insect prey from the leaf litter.
  • Unlike many migratory songbirds, both males and females maintain and defend exclusive individual territories during the winter season.
  • It is a low-nesting specialist, typically placing its cup-shaped nest in shrubs or saplings only a few feet off the ground.
  • While the male's black hood is iconic, older females can develop a surprisingly similar, though often more muted, black facial pattern.
  • The species is highly sensitive to forest fragmentation, requiring large tracts of mature deciduous forest for successful breeding.
Habitat
Mature deciduous forests with a dense, shrubby undergrowth and natural canopy gaps.
Range
Breeds across the Eastern United States and Southern Ontario; winters in Central America and the Caribbean.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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