Hermit Warbler illustration
Birdsong field guide

Hermit Warbler

Setophaga occidentalis

A small, elusive wood-warbler of the Pacific Northwest canopy, distinguished by its brilliant yellow face and preference for old-growth conifers.

What it sounds like

A series of high, buzzy notes often transcribed as 'zeezee-zeezee-zeezee-zeel'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Paul Marvin · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Frequently hybridizes with the Townsend's Warbler in overlap zones within the Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains.
  • Forages primarily in the outermost tips of high-canopy branches, often making it difficult to observe from the forest floor.
  • Males possess a striking black throat and bib that contrasts sharply against a completely yellow head and white underparts.
  • Nests are typically constructed 20 to 40 feet high in conifers, well-hidden by dense needles and moss.
  • Breeding site fidelity is high, with individuals often returning to the same small patch of forest year after year.
Habitat
Mature and old-growth coniferous forests, particularly Douglas-fir, redwood, and montane pine-oak woodlands.
Range
Breeds along the West Coast from Washington to California; winters in the mountains of Mexico and Central America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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