Hawaiian Rail illustration
Birdsong field guide

Hawaiian Rail

Zapornia sandwichensis

A small, flightless rail endemic to the island of Hawaiʻi, now extinct due to the introduction of invasive mammalian predators and habitat loss.

What it sounds like

Described by historical accounts as a low, repetitive clucking or 'churring' sound.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
No reference call found yet · Xeno-canto

Field notes

  • Known to native Hawaiians as the 'moho', the bird was historically hunted for its reddish-brown feathers.
  • It occurred in two distinct color morphs, light and dark, which led early naturalists to mistakenly classify them as two separate species.
  • Unlike most rail species that inhabit wetlands, this bird specialized in high-altitude open shrublands and subalpine forests.
  • The species was completely flightless, an evolutionary adaptation to island life that made it highly vulnerable to introduced rats, cats, and mongooses.
  • The last confirmed specimen was collected in 1884, and the species is believed to have gone extinct shortly thereafter.
Habitat
Open scrublands, grasslands, and mesic forests at high elevations.
Range
Endemic to the island of Hawaiʻi (Big Island).

Similar & commonly confused birds

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