Gray Gull illustration
Birdsong field guide

Gray Gull

Leucophaeus modestus

A medium-sized, lead-gray gull famous for its remarkable ability to breed in the hyper-arid interior of the South American desert.

What it sounds like

A nasal, high-pitched 'kyow' and various sharp, mewing vocalizations typical of small gulls.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Scott Olmstead · ChileCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the only gull species known to nest deep within the Atacama Desert, often up to 100 kilometers away from the ocean.
  • During the breeding season, the bird's forehead turns white, creating a distinct contrast with its dark gray plumage.
  • To survive the extreme heat, parents commute daily between the inland nesting sites and the Pacific coast to bring food and water to chicks.
  • Its primary diet consists of mole crabs (Emerita analoga), which it scavenges from the surf zone of coastal beaches.
  • By nesting in the waterless desert, the species avoids traditional egg predators like foxes and larger gulls.
Habitat
Coastal sandy beaches during the non-breeding season and hyper-arid desert plains for nesting.
Range
The Pacific coast of South America, primarily ranging from southern Ecuador to central Chile.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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