Gila Woodpecker illustration
Birdsong field guide

Gila Woodpecker

Melanerpes uropygialis

A medium-sized desert specialist known for its distinctive tan plumage and habit of excavating nests in large cacti.

What it sounds like

A loud, rolling 'churr' call and sharp, high-pitched 'yip' or 'pit' notes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Pat Goltz · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • They are primary excavators of nesting holes in saguaro cacti, creating 'cactus boots' that provide critical housing for other desert species.
  • After carving a hole in a live cactus, the bird must wait several months for the internal pulp to dry and harden into a protective shell before nesting.
  • While primarily insectivorous, they are opportunistic foragers that consume cactus fruit, nectar, and occasionally small lizards or bird eggs.
  • Males are identified by a small red patch on the crown, whereas females have a plain tan head without the red marking.
  • They are highly territorial and vocal, often seen aggressively defending their nests or backyard feeders from much larger birds.
Habitat
Arid desert scrub, particularly Sonoran Desert landscapes with saguaro cacti, and riparian woodlands.
Range
Southwestern United States (Arizona, southeastern California, New Mexico) and western Mexico.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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