California Quail illustration
Birdsong field guide

California Quail

Callipepla californica

A plump, ground-dwelling game bird recognized by its comma-shaped head plume and intricate scaling on the underparts. It is the official state bird of California and highly social in nature.

What it sounds like

A rhythmic, three-syllable assembly call frequently mnemonically described as 'chi-ca-go'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Greg Irving · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • The iconic head plume, or topknot, is actually composed of six overlapping feathers rather than a single plume.
  • During the winter, these birds form large social groups called coveys that can exceed 200 individuals.
  • They are frequent dust-bathers, utilizing loose soil to maintain feather health and discourage parasites.
  • Though capable of short, explosive flight, they prefer to escape predators by running, reaching speeds of up to 12 mph.
  • They often practice communal brood-rearing, where multiple adults assist in guarding and raising a group of chicks.
Habitat
Chaparral, sagebrush, oak woodlands, and brushy suburban gardens, typically near water.
Range
Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia to Baja California, with introduced populations in Hawaii and New Zealand.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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