Brazilian Merganser illustration
Birdsong field guide

Brazilian Merganser

Mergus octosetaceus

The Brazilian Merganser is a critically endangered, non-migratory diving duck recognized by its dark plumage, slender serrated bill, and distinctive long crest.

What it sounds like

Mostly silent, but emits a harsh, low-pitched 'crak-crak' or guttural barking when alarmed.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Caio Brito · BrazilCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is one of the world's most threatened waterfowl, with a global population estimated at fewer than 250 individuals.
  • The species name 'octosetaceus' refers to the bird's eight pairs of internal tail feathers (rectrices).
  • As an apex predator of clear-water rivers, it serves as a critical bioindicator for pristine, unpolluted aquatic ecosystems.
  • Unlike most ducks, it is strictly territorial and remains in the same stretch of river year-round rather than migrating.
  • They are secondary cavity nesters, utilizing hollow trees or rock crevices located high above fast-flowing rapids.
Habitat
Clear, fast-flowing rivers and streams with rapids and gallery forests.
Range
South-central Brazil (notably Serra da Canastra and Chapada dos Veadeiros), with relic populations in Argentina.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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