African Sacred Ibis illustration
Birdsong field guide

African Sacred Ibis

Threskiornis aethiopicus

A large wading bird easily identified by its white plumage, bare black head and neck, and thick down-curved bill. It holds significant historical status as the physical representation of the god Thoth in Ancient Egypt.

What it sounds like

Generally silent outside of breeding colonies, where it produces a variety of croaks, grunts, and wheezy notes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Lynette Rudman · South AfricaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Possesses a long, decurved bill used to probe mud for crustaceans, insects, and small vertebrates.
  • Despite its name and historical significance, the species is now locally extinct in Egypt.
  • Displays a distinctive black trailing edge on its wings that is highly visible during flight.
  • Highly opportunistic and adaptable, it frequently scavenges in urban landfills and agricultural areas.
  • Established as an invasive species in parts of Europe after escaping from captive collections in the 1970s.
Habitat
Wetlands, marshes, riverbanks, coastal lagoons, and increasingly, man-made environments like refuse dumps.
Range
Widespread across Sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Iraq; introduced populations in France, Italy, and Spain.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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