Willow Warbler illustration
Birdsong field guide

Willow Warbler

Phylloscopus trochilus

A small, olive-green leaf warbler renowned for its delicate, descending song and one of the most impressive long-distance migrations of any songbird.

What it sounds like

A melodic, liquid song of descending notes that ends in a soft flourish; the contact call is a rising 'hwee-it'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Kelle Moreau · BelgiumCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Despite weighing only 10 grams, it migrates up to 12,000 km between Northern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa.
  • It is morphologically nearly identical to the Chiffchaff but can be distinguished by its pale legs and longer primary feathers.
  • Unlike many arboreal warblers, it builds a domed 'oven' nest on or very close to the ground hidden in dense herbage.
  • It undergoes two complete molts per year, once in the summer and once in the winter, to keep plumage optimal for migration.
  • Its population is one of the most numerous in the Palearctic, though it is experiencing significant declines in the southern parts of its range.
Habitat
Open deciduous woodlands, scrubland, and young plantations, frequently favoring birch and willow trees.
Range
Breeds across Northern and Temperate Europe and Asia; winters extensively in sub-Saharan Africa.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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