Williamson's Sapsucker illustration
Birdsong field guide

Williamson's Sapsucker

Sphyrapicus thyroideus

A medium-sized woodpecker of western mountain forests, notable for exhibiting the most extreme sexual dimorphism of any North American woodpecker species.

What it sounds like

A nasal, descending 'cheer' or 'wheer' call; drumming is irregular with a rapid start followed by slower, rhythmic taps.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Paul Marvin · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • The male and female were originally described as two different species by early naturalists due to their vastly different plumage.
  • They are keystone species because their sap wells provide a critical food source for other birds, mammals, and insects.
  • Unlike most woodpeckers, they primarily feed on tree sap and phloem rather than wood-boring beetle larvae.
  • Males possess a striking black body with a red throat and yellow belly, while females are brownish and heavily barred.
  • They are highly dependent on large-diameter standing dead trees (snags) for nesting, particularly western larch and ponderosa pine.
Habitat
High-elevation montane coniferous forests, especially those containing larch, Douglas-fir, and ponderosa pine.
Range
Western North America, from southern British Columbia through the Rocky Mountains and Pacific ranges to central Mexico.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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