White-winged Crossbill illustration
Birdsong field guide

White-winged Crossbill

Loxia leucoptera

A specialized boreal finch distinguished by its unique crossed mandibles and two prominent white wing bars. It is an irruptive species that follows the boom-and-bust cycles of conifer seed production.

What it sounds like

A rapid, dry series of rhythmic 'chett-chett-chett' notes and a musical song consisting of varied trills and canary-like warbles.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Peter Boesman · ChinaCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • The crossed bill tips function like a lever to pry open spruce and larch cone scales, allowing the tongue to extract the seed.
  • Individuals can be either 'left-billed' or 'right-billed' depending on which way the lower mandible crosses, with no apparent disadvantage to either.
  • They are capable of breeding at any time of year, including mid-winter, as long as there is a sufficient supply of conifer seeds.
  • This species is highly nomadic, often traveling thousands of miles between years to find productive seed crops.
  • Unlike most finches, they possess a specialized 'crop' or esophageal pouch used to store seeds for later consumption or to feed nestlings.
Habitat
Boreal coniferous forests, primarily those dominated by spruce, tamarack, and larch trees.
Range
Northern North America from Alaska across Canada to the Northeastern US, and across Northern Eurasia.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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