Velvet Scoter illustration
Birdsong field guide

Velvet Scoter

Melanitta fusca

The Velvet Scoter is a large, heavy-bodied sea duck recognized by its velvet-black plumage and prominent white secondary wing patches visible during flight.

What it sounds like

Usually silent; males produce a thin, whistling 'whirr' during display, while females emit a harsh, guttural 'karr-karr-karr'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Juha Saari · FinlandCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is distinguished from the North American White-winged Scoter by its flatter bill profile and different feathering pattern at the base of the bill.
  • Adult males feature a diagnostic small, white comma-shaped patch just below the eye and a bright orange-yellow tip on a knobbed bill.
  • The species is a specialized benthic feeder, diving to depths of up to 30 meters to consume mollusks, crustaceans, and insect larvae.
  • Velvet Scoters are known to engage in 'crèching' behavior, where multiple broods are combined and guarded by one or several adult females.
  • Currently classified as Vulnerable, the species has faced significant population declines in its primary wintering stronghold, the Baltic Sea.
Habitat
Breeds near inland freshwater lakes and tundra pools; winters in shallow, nutrient-rich coastal marine waters.
Range
Palearctic; breeds from Scandinavia through Siberia and winters along the coasts of Europe, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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