Common Scoter illustration
Birdsong field guide

Common Scoter

Melanitta nigra

The Common Scoter is a large, dark sea duck known for its striking all-black male plumage and social wintering behavior on open waters.

What it sounds like

Males emit a repetitive, melodic, flute-like whistling 'pü-pü-pü', while females produce a harsh, growling 're-re-re'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Mark James Pearson · United KingdomCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • The adult male is the only sea duck in its range to possess entirely black plumage, including its wings.
  • They are powerful divers, reaching depths of up to 30 meters to forage for mollusks and crustaceans on the seabed.
  • During winter, they form massive, dense flocks called 'rafts' that can contain several thousand individuals.
  • Unlike most ducks, they are highly sensitive to offshore wind farm developments, often avoiding areas with turbines.
  • While they are marine for much of the year, they migrate to remote freshwater tundra lakes and moorlands to breed.
Habitat
Coastal marine waters during winter; freshwater tundra pools and arctic lakes during breeding season.
Range
Breeds in Northern Europe and Asia; winters along the coasts of Western Europe and Northwest Africa.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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