Surf Scoter illustration
Birdsong field guide

Surf Scoter

Melanitta perspicillata

A robust North American sea duck characterized by the male's striking black plumage, white head patches, and heavy, multi-colored bill. It is specialized for foraging in turbulent coastal surf zones where it dives for benthic invertebrates.

What it sounds like

Generally silent, but males produce low, liquid croaking or gurgling sounds during courtship and a distinct whistling sound is made by their wings in flight.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Bruce Lagerquist · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • The adult male's unique head pattern has earned the species the colloquial nickname 'skunk-headed coot'.
  • They possess highly powerful gizzards capable of crushing thick-shelled mollusks and crustaceans, which they swallow whole.
  • Despite being sea ducks, they migrate far inland to the remote boreal forests of Canada and Alaska to nest in well-concealed spots under conifer branches.
  • The Surf Scoter is the only scoter species strictly endemic to North America.
  • During winter, they often form massive, dense flocks known as 'rafts' that can number in the thousands along rocky coastlines.
Habitat
Coastal marine waters and shallow estuaries during winter; freshwater lakes and wetlands within northern boreal forests during the breeding season.
Range
Breeds across Alaska and Northern Canada; winters along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts from the Aleutian Islands to Baja California and from Newfoundland to Florida.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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