St. Helena Hoopoe illustration
Birdsong field guide

St. Helena Hoopoe

Upupa antaios

An extinct, likely flightless member of the hoopoe family that was endemic to the island of Saint Helena. It was significantly larger and more robust than its extant relatives, specializing in a terrestrial lifestyle.

What it sounds like

Unknown; scientifically inferred to be a resonant, low-pitched 'hoop-hoop' similar to Upupa epops but deeper in tone.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
No reference call found yet · Xeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the only species within the order Bucerotiformes known to have evolved flightlessness or near-flightlessness.
  • The species was first described by ornithologist Storrs Olson in 1975 based on subfossil skeletal remains.
  • Its humerus was significantly reduced while its leg bones were heavily built, indicating a shift from aerial to cursorial locomotion.
  • The bird likely predated upon the Saint Helena giant earwig, another extinct endemic that grew up to 8 centimeters in length.
  • Extinction likely occurred shortly after the island's discovery in 1502 due to predation by introduced cats and black rats.
Habitat
Arid lowland scrub and coastal desert regions
Range
Saint Helena Island (South Atlantic Ocean)

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a St. Helena Hoopoe?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song