Rock Pigeon illustration
Birdsong field guide

Rock Pigeon

Columba livia

The Rock Pigeon is a ubiquitous, stout-bodied bird known for its iridescent neck plumage and exceptional adaptability to urban environments. Originally cliff-dwellers, they are the wild ancestors of all domestic pigeon breeds.

What it sounds like

A rhythmic, rolling 'coo-roo-ctoo-coo' often accompanied by bowing displays.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Olivier SWIFT · FranceCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • They produce a protein-rich 'crop milk' to feed their young, a trait shared with flamingos and emperor penguins.
  • Pigeons are among the few birds capable of drinking by sucking up water without needing to tilt their heads back.
  • Navigational abilities include sensing the Earth's magnetic field and using low-frequency sound waves to find their way home.
  • Selective breeding of this species has resulted in over 350 distinct varieties, ranging from racing homers to fancy show birds.
  • They can fly at speeds up to 90 mph and have been recorded traveling over 600 miles in a single day.
Habitat
Urban centers, rocky cliffs, farmland, and bridges.
Range
Global; native to Europe, North Africa, and western Asia, but introduced worldwide.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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