Pileated Woodpecker illustration
Birdsong field guide

Pileated Woodpecker

Dryocopus pileatus

The Pileated Woodpecker is North America's largest extant woodpecker, characterized by its crow-sized black body and iconic flaming red crest. It acts as a keystone species by excavating large cavities that provide essential habitat for many other forest creatures.

What it sounds like

A loud, wild, and ringing series of 'kuk-kuk-kuk' notes, similar to a Northern Flicker but deeper and more resonant.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Sue Riffe · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • They create distinctive, deep rectangular holes in trees while foraging, which are unique among North American woodpeckers.
  • Carpenter ants constitute up to 60% of their diet, which they extract using long, barbed tongues coated in sticky saliva.
  • Their powerful drumming can be heard from nearly a mile away and is used to establish territories and attract mates.
  • To prevent brain injury during high-impact drilling, their hyoid bone wraps entirely around the skull to act as a shock absorber.
  • While they typically excavate a new nesting cavity each year, these abandoned holes become vital homes for wood ducks, owls, and swifts.
Habitat
Mature deciduous or coniferous forests with high densities of large-diameter standing dead trees (snags).
Range
Across the eastern United States, the Great Lakes, the Pacific Northwest, and the boreal forests of Canada.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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