Black Woodpecker illustration
Birdsong field guide

Black Woodpecker

Dryocopus martius

The largest woodpecker in the Palearctic, the Black Woodpecker is a crow-sized, jet-black bird easily identified by its crimson crown and pale iris. It serves as a vital keystone species by excavating massive cavities that provide homes for numerous other forest animals.

What it sounds like

A loud, ringing 'klee-ay' call given in flight and a drawn-out, melancholic 'pwee-pwee-pwee' when perched.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Christian Bøggild · DenmarkCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the largest woodpecker species in its range, reaching up to 55 centimeters in length with a wingspan nearing 75 centimeters.
  • They create distinctively oval-shaped nesting holes, which can take up to four weeks of continuous excavation to finish.
  • As a keystone species, their abandoned cavities are essential for the survival of secondary nesters like the Boreal Owl and Stock Dove.
  • Their diet relies heavily on carpenter ants and wood-boring beetle larvae, often causing them to chip away massive sections of dead wood to reach prey.
  • Sexual dimorphism is visible in the plumage; males have a full red crest from forehead to nape, while females have red only on the hindcrown.
Habitat
Mature coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests with large, old trees for nesting.
Range
Widespread across the Palearctic, spanning from Western Europe through Russia to China and Japan.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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