Lesser Cuckoo illustration
Birdsong field guide

Lesser Cuckoo

Cuculus poliocephalus

The Lesser Cuckoo is a small, slender brood parasite characterized by its grey upperparts and hawk-like barred underparts. It is renowned for its remarkable long-distance migration across the Indian Ocean and its culturally significant vocalizations.

What it sounds like

A loud, rhythmic, and rapidly delivered series of five or six whistling notes, famously rendered as 'hototogisu' in Japanese literature.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Yang Li · ChinaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the smallest member of the genus Cuculus, typically measuring only 25 centimeters in length.
  • The species is an obligate brood parasite, primarily targeting the nests of Cetti's Warblers and various leaf warblers.
  • Populations breeding in East Asia undertake a massive trans-oceanic migration to wintering grounds in East Africa.
  • Females exhibit a distinct rufous 'hepatic' morph, a polymorphism that may provide a selective advantage in avoiding host-bird aggression.
  • Its plumage serves as Batesian mimicry, resembling a small bird of prey to frighten hosts away from their nests during egg deposition.
Habitat
Temperate, subtropical, and montane broadleaf and coniferous forests, as well as dense woodland edges.
Range
Breeds across the Himalayas, China, and Japan; winters in East Africa, Sri Lanka, and parts of Southeast Asia.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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