Least Tern illustration
Birdsong field guide

Least Tern

Sternula antillarum

The smallest North American tern, recognized by its delicate proportions, white forehead patch, and yellow bill with a black tip.

What it sounds like

A sharp, high-pitched, squeaky 'kill-ick' or a rapid 'kip-kip-kip' alarm call.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Paul Driver · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Nests in simple, unlined scrapes on open ground, relying on egg camouflage for protection.
  • Courtship involves elaborate 'fish flights' where the male carries a small fish to attract a mate.
  • Aggressively defends colonies by dive-bombing and defecating on potential predators or human intruders.
  • The interior population was federally listed as endangered for decades due to habitat loss from river damming.
  • Unlike most larger terns, it frequently hovers momentarily before diving vertically into the water for prey.
Habitat
Sandy beaches, gravel bars, alkali flats, and dredge spoil islands.
Range
Breeds along the Atlantic, Gulf, and California coasts, and major interior river systems; winters in Central and South America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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