Lapland Longspur illustration
Birdsong field guide

Lapland Longspur

Calcarius lapponicus

The Lapland Longspur is a robust, ground-dwelling songbird of the Arctic tundra, distinguished by its striking breeding plumage and an elongated hind claw. It is a highly migratory species that forms massive, nomadic flocks in open landscapes during the winter.

What it sounds like

A musical, flute-like song delivered in flight; common calls include a dry, rattling 'prrrrt' and a sharp 'tyee' whistle.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. AUDEVARD Aurélien · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is named for its exceptionally long, straight hind claw, which provides stability when walking on snow or soft tundra moss.
  • Males perform elaborate 'skylarking' displays, singing a liquid, melodic song while hovering in the air before parachuting to the ground.
  • During winter, they form enormous mixed flocks with Horned Larks and Snow Buntings, sometimes numbering in the tens of thousands.
  • It has a circumpolar breeding distribution, making it one of the most abundant and widespread songbirds in the global Arctic.
  • The species exhibits dramatic seasonal dimorphism; males swap their cryptic winter brown for a bold black face, white eyestripe, and rich chestnut nape in spring.
Habitat
Arctic tundra and sedge meadows during breeding; shortgrass prairies, stubble fields, and airports during winter.
Range
Breeds across the High Arctic of North America, Europe, and Asia; winters in the temperate mid-latitudes of these continents.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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