Chestnut-collared Longspur illustration
Birdsong field guide

Chestnut-collared Longspur

Calcarius ornatus

The Chestnut-collared Longspur is a small, ground-nesting songbird of the Great Plains, distinguished by the male's striking black underparts and rufous nape during the breeding season.

What it sounds like

A short, melodic, warbling song with a distinctive descending finish; flight calls are a sharp, finch-like 'kittle' or 'tri-lip'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Matt Wistrand · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • During courtship, males perform 'skylarking' displays, flying up to 50 feet and singing while parachuting back down on stiff wings.
  • The species is a shortgrass prairie specialist, often preferring areas that have been recently grazed or disturbed by fire.
  • Its common name refers to the unusually long claw on its hind toe, an adaptation for walking on open ground rather than perching.
  • Unlike many songbirds, they are often found in loose colonies during the breeding season rather than strictly isolated territories.
  • Populations have declined by over 80% since 1966, primarily due to the conversion of native prairies to intensive agriculture.
Habitat
Native shortgrass and mixed-grass prairies, particularly those with low vegetation and minimal litter.
Range
Breeds in the Northern Great Plains of the US and Canada; winters in the Southwestern US and Northern Mexico.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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