Greater Prairie-Chicken illustration
Birdsong field guide

Greater Prairie-Chicken

Tympanuchus cupido

The Greater Prairie-Chicken is a stocky, ground-dwelling grouse of the North American grasslands, renowned for the elaborate communal courtship displays performed by males during the spring.

What it sounds like

A low-frequency, haunting 'old-ooh-oom' boom, often compared to the sound of blowing across the neck of an empty glass bottle.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Sue Riffe · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Males possess vibrant orange esophageal air sacs that inflate to produce a resonant 'booming' sound during displays.
  • During courtship, males raise specialized neck feathers called pinnae that resemble horns.
  • The species performs at communal display sites known as leks, where males defend small territories and compete for the attention of visiting females.
  • They are non-migratory birds that remain in their prairie habitats year-round, often burrowing into snow for insulation during harsh winters.
  • Population numbers have plummeted significantly since the 19th century due to the conversion of native tallgrass prairie into agricultural land.
Habitat
Native tallgrass and mixed-grass prairies with minimal tree cover and high-quality nesting cover.
Range
Central North America, primarily concentrated in the Great Plains states such as Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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