Flightless Cormorant illustration
Birdsong field guide

Flightless Cormorant

Nannopterum harrisi

The Flightless Cormorant is the world's only cormorant species to have lost the ability to fly, evolving as a specialized underwater hunter in the absence of terrestrial predators. It is easily identified by its stunted, vestigial wings and powerful, thick-set body.

What it sounds like

Generally silent, but produces low-pitched, guttural growls and hoarse croaks during nesting and courtship displays.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Charlie Vogt · EcuadorCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the largest extant member of the cormorant family (Phalacrocoracidae) and the only one incapable of flight.
  • The bird lacks a keel on its breastbone, which is the anatomical structure normally required to anchor powerful flight muscles.
  • Its wings are approximately one-third the size that would be functionally required for a bird of its body mass to achieve lift.
  • Unlike most birds, they exhibit sequential polyandry, where females may desert their mate and chicks to find a new partner during a single breeding season.
  • They propel themselves underwater exclusively using their powerful webbed feet rather than their wings, reaching depths of up to 80 meters.
Habitat
Sheltered bays, rocky shorelines, and shallow coastal waters within the upwelling zones.
Range
Endemic to the Galápagos Islands, restricted to the western islands of Fernandina and Isabela.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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