Yellowhammer illustration
Birdsong field guide

Yellowhammer

Emberiza citrinella

A striking Eurasian bunting known for the male's brilliant yellow plumage and its iconic, rhythmic song heard across open countryside.

What it sounds like

A rapid succession of high-pitched notes ending in a drawn-out, slightly lower-pitched wheeze.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / --:--
Rec. Louis-Marie Gourmelon · FranceCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Males develop intense lemon-yellow plumage on the head and breast during the breeding season to attract mates.
  • The species is famous for its distinctive song, often translated into the mnemonic 'a little bit of bread and no cheese.'
  • It is primarily a ground-nesting bird, concealing its cup-shaped nest in dense vegetation or at the foot of hedgerows.
  • While adults are mainly granivorous, they switch to a protein-rich diet of invertebrates to feed their nestlings.
  • The Yellowhammer is a 'Red List' species of conservation concern in several countries due to population declines from agricultural intensification.
Habitat
Open farmland, hedgerows, scrubby margins, and heathlands.
Range
Native across Europe and northern Asia; introduced to New Zealand.

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a Yellowhammer?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song