Willow Ptarmigan illustration
Birdsong field guide

Willow Ptarmigan

Lagopus lagopus

A medium-sized, ground-dwelling grouse known for its remarkable seasonal camouflage and status as the state bird of Alaska.

What it sounds like

A deep, raucous, and rhythmic 'goback, goback, goback' or a dry, rattling laugh.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Marc Anderson · SwedenCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It undergoes a complete plumage transformation from mottled reddish-brown in summer to nearly pure white in winter for year-round camouflage.
  • The species possesses dense feathers on its toes that act as natural snowshoes, increasing surface area to walk on soft drifts.
  • Unlike most other grouse species, the male Willow Ptarmigan is monogamous and stays to help protect the brood from predators.
  • During winter, it survives primarily on willow buds and twigs, utilizing a specialized large cecum to ferment and digest woody material.
  • They frequently sleep in 'snow burrows,' diving into soft snow banks to utilize the snow's insulating properties against sub-zero temperatures.
Habitat
Arctic tundra, subarctic willow thickets, muskegs, and montane shrublands.
Range
Circumpolar distribution across northern North America, Scandinavia, and Siberia.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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