Variable Hawk illustration
Birdsong field guide

Variable Hawk

Geranoaetus polyosoma

A medium-to-large South American raptor renowned for its extraordinary plumage polymorphism and adaptability across diverse elevations.

What it sounds like

A rapid, high-pitched series of nasal barking notes, typically rendered as 'kee-kee-kee-kee'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Mitch Lysinger · EcuadorCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Plumage is so varied that it encompasses over 20 distinct morphs, ranging from almost entirely black to white-bellied with grey upperparts.
  • Adult females often display a large rufous patch on their back (mantle), a feature typically absent or reduced in males.
  • The species was previously classified as two separate species, the Red-backed Hawk and the Puna Hawk, before being merged due to extensive interbreeding.
  • They are highly opportunistic hunters, preying on mammals like cavies and rabbits, as well as birds, reptiles, and large invertebrates.
  • They are known to engage in spectacular aerial displays during the breeding season, including high-altitude soaring and rapid dives.
Habitat
Open habitats including paramo, puna, scrublands, and coastal deserts from sea level to 4,600 meters.
Range
Widespread throughout western and southern South America, including the Andes and the Falkland Islands.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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