Birdsong field guide
Song Sparrow
Melospiza melodia
A common and highly polymorphic New World sparrow known for its streaky brown plumage and persistent, melodic singing. It is often identified by a prominent dark central breast spot.
What it sounds like
A rhythmic series of 2-3 loud clinking notes followed by a varied trill and occasional buzzy notes; often transcribed as 'Maids-maids-maids-put-on-your-tea-kettle-ettle-ettle'.
Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Field notes
- There are over 30 recognized subspecies, showing dramatic regional variation in size and plumage darkness.
- Males use their song to defend territory, typically performing a complex repertoire of 6 to 24 different song types.
- The dark spot on the center of the breast is formed by the convergence of thick lateral streaks.
- Research shows that female Song Sparrows prefer males who can accurately mimic the songs of their neighbors.
- While mostly granivorous in winter, they transition to a protein-rich diet of insects and aquatic invertebrates during the breeding season.
Habitat
Open brushy areas, thickets, marshes, forest edges, and suburban gardens, usually near water.
Range
Widespread across North America, from the Aleutian Islands and Canada to southern Mexico.
Similar & commonly confused birds
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