Sandhill Crane illustration
Birdsong field guide

Sandhill Crane

Antigone canadensis

A tall, elegant wading bird distinguished by its gray plumage, crimson forehead, and haunting, prehistoric bugle calls. They are renowned for their elaborate social dances and massive migratory congregations.

What it sounds like

A loud, guttural, rattling bugle or 'kar-r-r-o-o-o' that carries for several miles.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Scott Olmstead · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Fossil records suggest Sandhill Cranes have remained biologically unchanged for over 2.5 million years.
  • They engage in complex courtship dances involving leaping, bowing, wing-flapping, and tossing tufts of grass.
  • Their gray feathers often appear rusty-brown because they preen iron-rich mud into their plumage for camouflage.
  • The crane's loud, rattling call is amplified by a long, coiled trachea that resonates inside the breastbone like a trumpet.
  • They typically mate for life, maintaining pair bonds through synchronized vocalizations known as 'unison calling'.
Habitat
Open wetlands, marshes, wet meadows, and agricultural grain fields.
Range
North America, breeding from Alaska and Canada to the Great Lakes, with wintering grounds in the southern US and Mexico.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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