Birdsong field guide
Northern Cardinal
Cardinalis cardinalis
A robust, non-migratory songbird known for its vibrant red plumage and prominent crest. It is one of the most recognized and beloved avian species in North America.
What it sounds like
A series of clear, metallic whistles often described as 'cheer-cheer-cheer' or 'birdy-birdy-birdy'.
Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Field notes
- Only a few female North American songbirds sing, but the female Northern Cardinal does, often while sitting on the nest.
- The bird's brilliant red color is derived from carotenoid pigments found in the seeds and fruits of its diet.
- Northern Cardinals are highly territorial; males will often spend hours attacking their own reflection in windows or mirrors.
- Pairs often remain together year-round and exhibit 'mate-feeding' where the male places seeds directly into the female's beak.
- Unlike many songbirds, they do not migrate or molt into a duller 'basic' plumage during the winter months.
Habitat
Backyards, parks, woodlot edges, and thickets.
Range
Eastern and Central United States, extending south through Mexico to Guatemala.
Similar & commonly confused birds
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