King Eider illustration
Birdsong field guide

King Eider

Somateria spectabilis

A large, hardy Arctic sea duck distinguished by the male's spectacular multicolored plumage and a prominent orange frontal shield. It is a specialized diver adapted to some of the most extreme marine environments on Earth.

What it sounds like

A low, vibrating, dove-like cooing or a rolling 'croo-croo-croo' emitted by the males during display.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Stein Ø. Nilsen · NorwayCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Adult males possess a bulbous, bright orange 'knob' above the bill that serves as a secondary sexual characteristic during courtship.
  • They are among the deepest diving ducks, capable of reaching depths exceeding 50 meters to forage for benthic invertebrates.
  • Unlike the colonial-nesting Common Eider, King Eiders typically nest as solitary pairs near freshwater tundra ponds.
  • During molt migration, males travel to specific remote locations to replace flight feathers, often forming massive rafts numbering in the tens of thousands.
  • They are known to winter as far north as open water exists, frequently utilizing polynyas (leads in the pack ice) for foraging.
Habitat
Arctic tundra near freshwater for breeding; marine coastal waters and offshore pack ice for wintering.
Range
Circumpolar Arctic; winters along the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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