Gull-billed Tern illustration
Birdsong field guide

Gull-billed Tern

Gelochelidon nilotica

A medium-sized, atypical tern distinguished by its stout, gull-like bill and a diet focused on terrestrial prey rather than fish. It behaves more like a raptor than a typical waterbird, often hawking insects in mid-air.

What it sounds like

A distinctive, raspy, and nasal 'kay-ti-did' or 'ker-wuk' sound.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Ding Li Yong · MongoliaCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Unlike most terns, it rarely plunges into water, preferring to snatch insects, lizards, and small mammals from the ground or water surface.
  • It possesses longer legs and a thicker, blunter bill than its relatives, adaptations for its unique land-based foraging habits.
  • During courtship, males perform elaborate aerial displays, often carrying a gift of food to present to a potential mate.
  • While it nests in colonies on sandy beaches or marshes, it often travels several miles inland to hunt over agricultural fields.
  • The species is one of the most cosmopolitan terns, though the Australian population is now frequently classified as a separate species, G. macrotarsa.
Habitat
Coastal salt marshes, estuaries, lagoons, and inland freshwater marshes or plowed fields.
Range
Widely distributed across southern North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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