Groove-billed Ani illustration
Birdsong field guide

Groove-billed Ani

Crotophaga sulcirostris

A social, tropical cuckoo characterized by its all-black plumage and a distinctive, oversized bill marked with longitudinal grooves. It is best known for its communal nesting habits and presence in open, scrubby landscapes.

What it sounds like

A thin, high-pitched, rising 'tee-ho' or 'pwee-oh' that sounds somewhat liquid or metallic.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Étienne Leroy · MexicoCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • They practice communal nesting where up to five pairs share a single nest and cooperatively raise the young.
  • Female anis often engage in 'egg-tossing,' removing eggs laid by other females in the communal nest until they begin laying their own.
  • The species is frequently seen following livestock to forage on insects like grasshoppers that are flushed by the animals' movement.
  • Unlike many other members of the cuckoo family (Cuculidae), the Groove-billed Ani is not a brood parasite.
  • Their feathers have a distinct iridescent sheen that can appear blue or green in direct sunlight despite being fundamentally black.
Habitat
Pastures, scrublands, second-growth forests, and agricultural edges with thickets.
Range
From the southernmost tip of Texas through Central America to northern South America, including Peru and Ecuador.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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