Greater Ani illustration
Birdsong field guide

Greater Ani

Crotophaga major

The Greater Ani is a large, glossy black member of the cuckoo family characterized by its massive, ridged bill and distinctive pale eyes.

What it sounds like

A loud, rhythmic series of bubbling gurgles and guttural croaks often likened to the sound of boiling water.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Tristan Guillebot de Nerville · French GuianaCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • They are communal breeders where up to four unrelated pairs share a single nest and cooperatively raise the young.
  • Unlike its smaller relatives, the Greater Ani has a striking pale yellow to white iris that contrasts with its dark plumage.
  • While they belong to the cuckoo family, they are not brood parasites and instead build their own bulky stick nests.
  • Females in a communal group synchronize egg-laying, although the first eggs laid are often tossed out by other females to ensure clutch parity.
  • Their plumage features a prominent blue or violet iridescent sheen that is particularly visible in direct sunlight.
Habitat
Mangrove swamps, riparian forests, and lakeside vegetation.
Range
South America east of the Andes, ranging from Panama to northern Argentina.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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