Great Spotted Woodpecker illustration
Birdsong field guide

Great Spotted Woodpecker

Dendrocopos major

A striking medium-sized woodpecker with bold black-and-white plumage, large white shoulder patches, and vibrant red undertail coverts. It is the most widespread and numerous woodpecker across its Palearctic range.

What it sounds like

A sharp, explosive 'kick' or 'pik' note; territorial drumming is a short, fast, and accelerating mechanical rattle.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
0:00 / 0:33
Rec. Peter Boesman · ChinaCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Sexual dimorphism is distinguished by the male's crimson nape patch, which is entirely absent in adult females.
  • The species utilizes 'anvils,' wedging pine cones or nuts into bark crevices to more efficiently extract seeds with its beak.
  • To protect against brain injury, its hyoid bone wraps around the skull, acting as a natural shock absorber during high-impact hammering.
  • Drumming serves as a primary territorial advertisement, consisting of a rapid-fire burst of 10–16 strikes delivered in less than one second.
  • Juveniles of both sexes possess a distinctive red crown, a feature that is lost during their first post-juvenile molt.
Habitat
Deciduous forests, coniferous woodlands, parklands, and mature suburban gardens.
Range
Widespread across Europe and Northern Asia, ranging from the British Isles to Japan and North Africa.

Similar & commonly confused birds

Heard a Great Spotted Woodpecker?

Open Birdsong, tap record, and identify the bird singing near you in seconds — then collect it in your field journal.

Identify a bird by its song