Gray-backed Tern illustration
Birdsong field guide

Gray-backed Tern

Onychoprion lunatus

The Gray-backed Tern is a medium-sized tropical seabird characterized by its pale gray upperparts, black cap, and deeply forked tail. It is a close relative of the Sooty Tern but is distinguished by its softer plumage coloration and more restricted range.

What it sounds like

A high-pitched, nasal 'wuk-wuk' or a rasping 'kyer' call, generally softer and less raucous than that of the Sooty Tern.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Saxony Charlot · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Unlike many other tern species, the Gray-backed Tern rarely rests on the water, spending nearly all of its life in the air when not at a breeding colony.
  • It feeds primarily by 'dipping' to snatch small fish and squid from the surface rather than performing deep plunge-dives.
  • The species is highly pelagic and can be found hundreds of miles from the nearest land during the non-breeding season.
  • Nesting occurs in simple scrapes on sandy or rocky ground, frequently tucked under the shelter of low-growing vegetation or coral rubble.
  • In the Hawaiian language, it is known as 'Pākalakala' and holds significant cultural value as a traditional indicator of land for navigators.
Habitat
Remote coral atolls, rocky oceanic islands, and open tropical pelagic waters.
Range
Central Pacific Ocean, ranging from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands to the Line Islands, Phoenix Islands, and Fiji.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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