Dunnock illustration
Birdsong field guide

Dunnock

Prunella modularis

A small, unobtrusive passerine with lead-grey underparts and a streaked brown back, often seen hopping nervously near dense cover.

What it sounds like

A fast, flat, and shrill warbling song that lasts about two seconds; the common call is a high-pitched, piping 'tseep'.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Stanislas Wroza · FranceCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Despite being called the 'Hedge Sparrow,' it is an accentor (family Prunellidae) and is not closely related to true sparrows.
  • It exhibits one of the most complex mating systems of any bird, including monogamy, polyandry, polygyny, and polygynandry.
  • Males engage in 'cloaca-pecking,' where they peck the female's vent to induce the ejection of a rival male's sperm before mating.
  • It is a frequent host of the Common Cuckoo, yet unlike many other hosts, it rarely rejects the parasitic egg despite the color mismatch.
  • The thin, needle-like bill is a specialized tool for picking up small insects, spiders, and fine seeds in dense undergrowth.
Habitat
Deciduous and coniferous woodlands, scrubland, hedgerows, and well-vegetated suburban gardens.
Range
Widespread across temperate Europe and parts of Asian Russia, with introduced populations in New Zealand.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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