Cassin's Vireo illustration
Birdsong field guide

Cassin's Vireo

Vireo cassinii

The Cassin's Vireo is a stocky, drab songbird of western coniferous forests, characterized by its distinct white 'spectacles' and deliberate foraging style.

What it sounds like

A series of husky, hesitant two-to-three note phrases with alternating rising and falling 'question-and-answer' inflections.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Scott Olmstead · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Originally classified as a single species with Blue-headed and Plumbeous Vireos under the name 'Solitary Vireo' until 1997.
  • Unusually among songbirds, males often sing while sitting on the nest during the incubation of eggs.
  • Constructs a pensile, cup-shaped nest suspended from a horizontal fork, often decorated with spiderwebs and cocoons.
  • Its plumage serves as a mid-point in the Solitary Vireo complex, being duller than the Blue-headed but more olive than the Plumbeous.
  • Maintains a diet almost exclusively of insects and spiders during the breeding season, gleaned slowly from foliage.
Habitat
Dry coniferous and mixed-evergreen forests, particularly those containing Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and oak.
Range
Breeds in Western North America from British Columbia to Baja California; winters in Mexico and Central America.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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