Bermuda Night Heron illustration
Birdsong field guide

Bermuda Night Heron

Nyctanassa carcinocatactes

The Bermuda Night Heron was a robust, extinct heron endemic to Bermuda, characterized by a massive bill specialized for crushing land crabs. It vanished shortly after human settlement in the 17th century and is known primarily from subfossil remains.

What it sounds like

Unknown, but likely a harsh, guttural 'qwawk' or barking 'woc' similar to other Nyctanassa species.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
No reference call found yet · Xeno-canto

Field notes

  • It was formally described as a distinct species in 2006 based on skeletal remains found in cave deposits and peat bogs.
  • The species evolved a significantly heavier and more powerful bill than the extant Yellow-crowned Night Heron to handle large crustaceans.
  • Its primary prey was likely the Bermuda land crab (Cardisoma guanhumi), which faced fewer predators after the heron's extinction.
  • The bird likely became extinct due to a combination of hunting by early mariners and predation by introduced pigs and rats.
  • In the 1970s, Yellow-crowned Night Herons were introduced to Bermuda to fill the ecological niche left vacant by this species' extinction.
Habitat
Coastal mangroves, salt marshes, and inland limestone sinkholes.
Range
Bermuda (Endemic)

Similar & commonly confused birds

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