Wood Thrush illustration
Birdsong field guide

Wood Thrush

Hylocichla mustelina

A reclusive woodland songbird celebrated for its complex, flute-like melodies and distinctive large dark spots on its white breast.

What it sounds like

An ethereal, flute-like three-part song often transcribed as 'ee-o-lay,' followed by a high-pitched metallic trill.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Manuel Sánchez-Nivicela · United StatesCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Possesses a specialized syrinx that allows it to produce two distinct notes simultaneously, creating internal harmony.
  • Acts as a key indicator species for forest health due to its reliance on large, unfragmented tracts of mature deciduous woods.
  • Frequently targeted by Brown-headed Cowbirds, which engage in brood parasitism by laying eggs in the thrush's mud-lined nest.
  • Undergoes a long-distance migration, often flying directly across the Gulf of Mexico to reach wintering grounds in Central America.
  • Its diet shifts significantly from protein-rich invertebrates during the breeding season to lipid-rich fruits during the fall.
Habitat
Mature deciduous and mixed forests with moist soil, leaf litter, and a well-developed understory.
Range
Breeds throughout Eastern North America and winters in the tropical forests of Central America.
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