Vesper Sparrow illustration
Birdsong field guide

Vesper Sparrow

Pooecetes gramineus

The Vesper Sparrow is a medium-sized New World sparrow characterized by its streaked brown plumage and flashing white outer tail feathers. It is a ground-dwelling specialist of open habitats, often heard singing during the evening twilight.

What it sounds like

A musical sequence typically opening with two low, slurred whistles followed by two higher notes, concluding in a rapid, descending trill.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Sue Riffe · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the sole member of its genus, Pooecetes, making it taxonomically distinct from other North American sparrows.
  • The bird was named 'Vesper' by naturalist John Burroughs, who noted its habit of singing during the 'vesper hour' or sunset.
  • Adults possess a small patch of chestnut-colored feathers on the shoulder (lesser coverts) that is often hidden while at rest.
  • In flight, its most diagnostic feature is the pair of white outer tail feathers, which serve as a high-contrast signal to conspecifics.
  • Vesper Sparrows frequently engage in dust-bathing to maintain plumage health, requiring patches of bare earth within their territory.
Habitat
Dry, open landscapes including grasslands, pastures, hayfields, and sagebrush steppes with scattered shrubs or fence posts.
Range
Breeds across Canada and the northern two-thirds of the United States; winters in the southern U.S. and Mexico.
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