Southern Fulmar illustration
Birdsong field guide

Southern Fulmar

Fulmarus glacialoides

A large, pale gray petrel of the Southern Ocean, the Southern Fulmar is a robust seabird characterized by its gull-like appearance and stiff-winged gliding flight.

What it sounds like

A series of harsh, guttural cackles and nasal grunts, frequently performed during social displays or food disputes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Santiago Imberti · ArgentinaCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It possesses specialized nasal tubes that house salt glands, allowing it to excrete excess salt after drinking seawater.
  • As a defense mechanism, it can accurately spit a foul-smelling, waxy stomach oil at potential predators or intruders.
  • The species is highly social and often follows fishing vessels in large flocks to scavenge for offal and discards.
  • Unlike many other petrels, Southern Fulmars are active during the day at their breeding colonies.
  • They are long-lived birds, with some individuals reaching over 20 years of age in the wild.
Habitat
Pelagic open waters, pack ice zones, and steep rocky coastal cliffs for nesting.
Range
Circumpolar distribution throughout the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, migrating as far north as Peru and South Africa during winter.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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