Snow Bunting illustration
Birdsong field guide

Snow Bunting

Plectrophenax nivalis

The Snow Bunting is a hardy, high-arctic specialist and the most northerly breeding passerine in the world.

What it sounds like

A musical, rippling warble; common calls include a dry, rolling rattle and a sharp 'teez' note.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. bert de bruin · NorwayCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It breeds further north than any other songbird, with some nests recorded near the 83rd parallel.
  • Males arrive on the breeding grounds up to six weeks before females to claim territories in sub-zero temperatures.
  • Unlike most birds, they transition to breeding plumage through the physical abrasion of feather tips rather than molting.
  • During severe winter weather, they are known to roost in communal burrows beneath the snow to conserve heat.
  • A flock in flight is often referred to as a 'snowflake' due to the flickering white appearance of their wings.
Habitat
High-arctic rocky tundra for breeding; coastal dunes, beaches, and windswept agricultural fields in winter.
Range
Circumpolar Arctic; winters across temperate latitudes of North America and Eurasia.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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