Smew illustration
Birdsong field guide

Smew

Mergellus albellus

The Smew is a small, elegant diving duck and the sole member of its genus, famous for the male's stark white and black breeding plumage.

What it sounds like

Mostly silent, but males produce a mechanical rattling 'kr-rrr' during display, and females emit a harsh 'krr-krr' croak.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Jarek Matusiak · PolandCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the smallest species of merganser and frequently interbreeds with the Common Goldeneye.
  • Breeding males are nicknamed the 'White Nun' due to their distinctive snowy plumage and black mask.
  • They are obligate cavity nesters, often utilizing old holes created by Black Woodpeckers in lakeside trees.
  • The species is highly migratory, traveling from northern taiga breeding grounds to temperate Eurasian coasts and lakes.
  • Its serrated bill, or 'sawbill,' is specialized for gripping slippery fish and aquatic insect larvae while diving.
Habitat
Boreal forest lakes and slow-moving rivers during breeding; coastal bays, estuaries, and sheltered reservoirs in winter.
Range
Palearctic; breeds across northern Europe and Asia, wintering south to central Europe, China, and Japan.
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