Sabine's Gull illustration
Birdsong field guide

Sabine's Gull

Xema sabini

A small, distinctive gull characterized by a striking tri-colored wing pattern and a deeply forked tail, spending most of its life at sea. It is the sole member of its genus and exhibits unique tern-like foraging behaviors.

What it sounds like

A high-pitched, harsh, and grating 'tshick' or 'kyirrr' that sounds more like a tern than a typical gull.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Stein Ø. Nilsen · NorwayCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the only species in the genus Xema and possesses a structural rarity among gulls: a deeply forked tail.
  • The species displays a unique wing pattern in flight consisting of three distinct triangles of black, white, and slate-gray.
  • During the breeding season, adults develop a dark slate-gray hood bordered by a thin, black collar.
  • It is a long-distance, trans-equatorial migrant that winters primarily in nutrient-rich oceanic upwelling zones off the coasts of South America and Africa.
  • Unlike most gulls, it often forages by picking insects from the tundra or spinning in circles on the water like a phalarope to stir up prey.
Habitat
Arctic tundra during the breeding season; pelagic waters and continental shelf breaks during the winter.
Range
Circumpolar Arctic breeding range; winters in the South Pacific (Humboldt Current) and South Atlantic (Benguela Current).
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