Ruffed Grouse illustration
Birdsong field guide

Ruffed Grouse

Bonasa umbellus

A medium-sized forest bird famous for its elaborate drumming display and cryptic plumage, the Ruffed Grouse is a quintessential inhabitant of North American woodlands.

What it sounds like

A rhythmic series of low-frequency wing-beats that sound like a distant engine starting, plus various sharp 'quit' or 'pitt' notes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Greg Irving · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Males create a low-frequency thumping sound by rapidly beating their wings against the air in a display known as 'drumming'.
  • They grow 'pectinations' in winter—comb-like scales on their toes that act as natural snowshoes for walking on deep drifts.
  • The species exhibits two distinct color morphs, gray and red, which provide camouflage in different forest environments.
  • They often seek thermal refuge in winter by diving into deep, soft snow to spend the night in insulated snow burrows.
  • Their winter diet relies heavily on the dormant buds of trees, particularly aspen, birch, and alder.
Habitat
Early-successional deciduous and mixed forests, particularly those with dense understory and aspen stands.
Range
Across Canada and the northern United States, extending south through the Appalachian Mountains.
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