Osprey illustration
Birdsong field guide

Osprey

Pandion haliaetus

The Osprey is a specialized, large raptor uniquely adapted for piscivory, often seen hovering over bodies of water before diving feet-first to snatch fish.

What it sounds like

A series of sharp, high-pitched whistling chirps or 'kew-kew-kew' notes.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Paul Driver · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the only raptor with a reversible outer toe, allowing it to grip slippery fish with two toes forward and two back.
  • The pads of its feet are covered in specialized spicules called scales that act like sandpaper to prevent prey from escaping.
  • Ospreys almost always carry captured fish head-first to reduce wind resistance during flight.
  • It possesses closable nostrils and oily, waterproof plumage to protect it during high-velocity dives into water.
  • While it is a bird of prey, it belongs to its own unique taxonomic family, Pandionidae, separate from hawks and eagles.
Habitat
Coastal estuaries, salt marshes, lakes, and large rivers with abundant fish populations.
Range
Cosmopolitan distribution; found on every continent except Antarctica.
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