Northern Hawk Owl illustration
Birdsong field guide

Northern Hawk Owl

Surnia ulula

A unique, medium-sized owl that behaves and appears remarkably like a hawk, often observed perching atop tall conifers in broad daylight. It is characterized by its long, tapering tail, falcon-like profile, and striking horizontal breast barring.

What it sounds like

A rapid, liquid trill of whistling notes often described as 'ul-ul-ul-ul,' alongside various harsh screeches and chatters.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Marc Anderson · SwedenCC BY-NC-NDXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is one of the few owl species that is primarily diurnal, relying on its exceptional vision to hunt during the day.
  • Unlike most owls, its facial disk is poorly developed and its ear openings are symmetrical, reflecting its reduced reliance on auditory hunting.
  • It has been observed detecting small prey by sight at distances exceeding half a mile.
  • The species is non-migratory but undergoes periodic 'irruptions,' moving south of its typical range when vole populations crash.
  • Its flight style is distinctively hawk-like, consisting of rapid wingbeats interspersed with long, low glides.
Habitat
Open boreal forests, taiga, and muskegs, frequently choosing areas near burns or clearings with high vantage points.
Range
Holarctic distribution across Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Northern Russia.
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