Nelson's Sparrow illustration
Birdsong field guide

Nelson's Sparrow

Ammospiza nelsoni

A small, secretive marsh sparrow characterized by its bright ochre-orange face and sharp-pointed tail feathers.

What it sounds like

A dry, wheezy, gasping hiss resembling the sound of a drop of water hitting a hot frying pan.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Matt Wistrand · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • Formerly considered conspecific with the Saltmarsh Sparrow, it was recognized as a distinct species in 1998.
  • Unlike most sparrows, males do not defend strict territories and instead use a 'scramble competition' mating system.
  • The species is divided into three distinct breeding populations: the Interior (prairies), James Bay, and Acadian (coastal).
  • Its nest is a bulky cup of grass often built just inches above the water line, making it vulnerable to flooding.
  • The sharp, stiff tail feathers are an adaptation for bracing against and maneuvering through dense, wet marsh vegetation.
Habitat
Salt marshes, brackish marshes, and interior freshwater wet meadows or prairie potholes.
Range
Breeds in the Northern Great Plains, James Bay, and the Atlantic coast from Quebec to Maine; winters along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.

Similar & commonly confused birds

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