Mountain Quail illustration
Birdsong field guide

Mountain Quail

Oreortyx pictus

The Mountain Quail is a secretive, large-bodied upland bird distinguished by its long, straight head plume and striking chestnut-and-white barred flanks. It is the largest quail species in North America, primarily inhabiting rugged, montane scrub environments.

What it sounds like

A loud, resonant, single-noted 'que-ark' or 'wook' repeated at several-second intervals, primarily delivered by males.

Reference call, compare with what you heard
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Rec. Ed Pandolfino · United StatesCC BY-NC-SAXeno-canto

Field notes

  • It is the largest quail species native to North America, often weighing significantly more than the more common California Quail.
  • Both males and females possess a distinct, straight head plume consisting of two long, black feathers that tilt backward.
  • They are unique among North American quail for performing altitudinal migrations on foot, descending to lower elevations to avoid heavy winter snow.
  • Despite their size, they are remarkably elusive and prefer running through dense undergrowth over taking flight when threatened.
  • Their diet is primarily vegetarian, consisting of seeds, bulbs, and mast, supplemented by insects during the breeding season.
Habitat
Montane chaparral, brushy ravines, and mixed coniferous forests with dense understory and access to water.
Range
Mountain ranges of the western United States and Baja California, spanning from Washington through the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges.
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